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        <idAbs>The bottom type map was used to make bottom classification maps that incorporated benthic community indicators. Organism density maps plot the total number of individuals per meter squared. The species diversity is the total number of species at any site. Combining the geological surface map with the OSI and organism density map produces the bottom classification map. Based on detailed mapping and analysis of the many biologic indicators measured or observed in our SPI analyses, e4 determined that the biologic parameters that best captured benthic community environments in the study region were OSI (in part because it incorporates so many key biologic indicators), aRPD, and overall species diversity. After detailed examinations of these parameters, we determined that OSI best and most simply captured all relevant information on the health of the benthic communities sampled in this study. In our final bottom classification maps, the key biologic indicator of OSI is shown overlain on our geologic and sediment-type maps. e4 created a final bottom classification map based on all of the data that we acquired. We examined the Bell et al. (2004) and Flood and Cerrato (2010) approaches. We found that their approach would not honor all of the data or accurately represent the sediment type. e4 made extensive use of its boring database throughout New York harbor. We improved the technique by combining the sediment classification and OSI results for benthic communities, producing an ata-glance association between benthic community stress, location in the harbor, and sediment type.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href='https://opdgig.dos.ny.gov/datasets/8141070ac3304f9b9ae1e4a7dd228e83/explore' target='_self' rel='nofollow ugc'&gt;View Dataset on the Gateway&lt;/a&gt;</idAbs>
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            <resTitle>Bottom type for shallow water benthic surveys, West Side of Manhattan and Brooklyn waterfront</resTitle>
            <date>
                <pubDate>2015-08-05</pubDate>
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                <seriesName>Hudson River Estuary Program</seriesName>
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                <rpOrgName>NYS DEC</rpOrgName>
                <rpIndName>New York State Department of Environmental Conservation</rpIndName>
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                    <eastBL>-73.965878</eastBL>
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        <idPoC>
            <rpIndName>John Ladd</rpIndName>
            <rpOrgName>New York State Department of Environmental Conservation</rpOrgName>
            <rpPosName>Benthic Mapping Coordinator</rpPosName>
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                <cntAddress addressType="both">
                    <delPoint>21 South Putt Corners Road</delPoint>
                    <city>New Paltz</city>
                    <adminArea>NY</adminArea>
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        <keyword>benthic</keyword><keyword>sediments</keyword><keyword>NYSERDACables</keyword><keyword>Atlantic Ocean Program</keyword></searchKeys>
        <idPurp>Characterizes the type and extent of sediments throughout NY Harbor and the Lower Hudson River via grain size analyses from grab samples and side-scan evidence of anthropogenic materials.</idPurp>
        <idCredit>New York City Department of Environmental Protection</idCredit>
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                <useLimit>New York State Department of Environmental Conservation provides these geographic data "as is." New York State Department of Environmental Conservation makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the geographic data. New York State DEC further makes no warranty, either expressed or implied, regarding the condition of the product or its fitness for any particular purpose. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.</useLimit>
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                <resTitle>Shallow Water Benthic Mapping: west side Manhattan and Brooklyn waterfront - final report and appendices</resTitle>
                <date>
                    <pubDate>2015-08-05</pubDate>
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        <aggrInfo>
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                <resTitle>Bathymetry for Shallow water benthic surveys, West Side of Manhattan and Brooklyn waterfront</resTitle>
                <date>
                    <pubDate>2015-08-05</pubDate>
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        <aggrInfo>
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                <resTitle>Orthosonograph side-scan for Shallow water benthic surveys, West Side of Manhattan and Brooklyn waterfront</resTitle>
                <date>
                    <pubDate>2015-08-05</pubDate>
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        <aggrInfo>
            <aggrDSName>
                <resTitle>Sub-bottom seismic data for Shallow water benthic surveys, West Side of Manhattan and Brooklyn waterfront</resTitle>
                <date>
                    <pubDate>2015-08-05</pubDate>
                </date>
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                <resTitle>Sediment isopach (black silt) for Shallow water benthic surveys, West Side of Manhattan and Brooklyn waterfront</resTitle>
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                    <pubDate>2015-08-05</pubDate>
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            <keyword>New York City</keyword>
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                <delPoint>27 Glen Road</delPoint>
                <city>Sandy Hook</city>
                <adminArea>CT</adminArea>
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                <stepDesc>e4 combined sub-bottom and orthosonograph datasets using manual and automatic data processes to characterize the type and extent of sediments throughout NY Harbor and the Lower Hudson River. These results were tied to grain size analyses from grab samples collected in the study area and to orthosonograph evidence of anthropogenic materials. In combination, these results provide a comprehensive picture of sediment type and environment within the study region. These sediment type and geological substrate maps formed the basis of e4â€™s bottom classification maps in each area.</stepDesc>
                <stepDateTm>2015-08-05</stepDateTm>
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                        <edomv>BlackSilt</edomv>
                        <edomvd>The black silt acoustic signal is frequency and temperature dependent. A single tool identifies the presence of silt. A single tool interpretation (acoustic reflection wavefield) is used in conjunction with core measurements and grab samples to guide the classification of acoustic silt as black silt.  The black silt in the orthosonographs (backscatter wavefield) appears evenly dark to black (low backscatter wavefield). From repeated imaging and sampling over the last 15 years e4 has shown that layers of black silt as thin as 2cm can be identified in orthosonographs. Black silt deposits in NY Harbor can range from being thin (a few mm in samples) to</edomvd>
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                        <edomvd>Pleistocene clay is observed on the eastside (Buttermilk Channel flats) of Governors Island and other Pleistocene sediments are observed in Bay Ridge Flats.  The bright white colors in the orthosonographs are clean sand, Pleistocene clay, or rock.  The sediment cores benchmark both the interpretation of the side-scan orthosonographs and the sub-bottom reflection seismology.</edomvd>
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